Denial Of The Holocaust History Essay

Disavowal Of The Holocaust History Essay World War II was a troublesome opportunity to live in. Families everywhere throughout the world were sending their spouses, children, and siblings off to battle Adolf Hitler and his Nazis. However, while they were battling for harmony, numerous others were battling for their lives. In 1941, the start of a horrendous occasion happened; the Holocaust. Everything started when the Nazis came into power in Germany. They accepted that Germans were racially predominant and that the Jews, considered second rate, were an outsider danger to the purported German racial network (Holocaust Memorial). Thus the Jews were then positioned in ghettos, death camps, or constrained work camps where they either passed on from malnourishment, imprisonment, abuse, or infection. Killing of the Jews was a basic piece of the good news of Nazism and innate in the center of its statement of faith (Wigoder 450). Out of the seventy eight individuals in my family, I am the just one to endure. My folks had three you ng men and three young ladies: My folks were Jacob and Toby; my siblings were Moishe and Baruch, and my sisters were Sarah, Rivka and Leah. They were totally slaughtered, claims Holocaust survivor Solomon Radasky (Quotes from Holocaust). Before the finish of the Holocaust, around 6,000,000 Jews were executed. Despite the fact that there is significant proof that this occasion occured, there are numerous individuals on the planet that accept the Holocaust never truly occurred. Holocaust refusal started in 1979 when Willis Caro established the Institute for Historical Review (IHR), the base camp of Holocaust forswearing. Holocaust disavowal comprises of cases that the decimation of Jews during World War II didn't happen by any means, or that it didn't occur in the way or to the degree generally perceived (Holocaust Denial). David Irving, a famous Holocaust denier, asserted in a discourse in Portland, Oregon, Yes, a huge number of individuals were executed, however there were no manufacturing plants of death (Representative Quotes). Deborah Lipstadt, an American antiquarian, creator and Holocaust denier, reports that a 1993 Roper Poll found that twenty two percent of American grown-ups and 20% of American secondary school understudies accept that it is conceivable that the Holocaust didnt occur. A 1993 Newsweek survey found that an entire 40% of American grown-ups express questions with respect to the for the most part acknowledged greatness of the Holocaust (Austin). Key components of Holocaust refusal claims are the dismissal of the accompanying: that the German Nazi government had an arrangement of purposely focusing on Jews for killing as a people and that destruction was completed at elimination camps utilizing apparatuses of mass homicide, for example, gas chambers (Holocaust Denial). So as to come to their meaningful conclusions, deniers focus on their adversaries feeble focuses, while once in a while saying anything complete regarding their own position. Holocaust deniers accentuate the irregularities between onlooker accounts, for instance (Shermer 212). Most accept that onlooker accounts are useful when making a contention; they give us their encounters and musings on the issue. They reveal to us tales about what had befallen them, their companions, their families, and others that experienced similar encounters. In any case, Elizabeth Loftus, an incredibly famous memory master and University of Washington brain science educator, found that a people memory isn't as solid as the majority of us think (182). As new odds and ends of data are included into long haul memory, the old recollections are evacuated, supplanted, folded up, or pushed into corners (Loftus 20). Since this turned into a practical chance, numerous Holocaust deniers utilize this for their potential benefit by revealing to Holocaust survivors that what had befallen them was all in their minds; that it never happened. For instance, on March 14, 1994, Michael Shermer, t he creator of Why People Believe Weird Things, went on the Phil Donahue show to talk about Holocaust disavowal with Bradley Smith and David Cole, two Holocaust deniers. The two of them concentrated on denying that gas chambers and crematoria were utilized for the mass homicide of Jews. During the show, Smith said something that it was a lie about the Germans cooking Jews to make soup out of them. This case sent a Holocaust survivor, Judith Berg, on the edge asserting that this announcement was valid. She went ballistic when Smith kept denying that what had befallen her and what she had seen for a while was reality. Smith utilized her agitation against her to cause her to show up as though she was lying. He contorted her words, just as Shermers barely any endeavored contemplations in the conversation, to assist him with demonstrating his point. Another assaulting point during this program was the conversation of gas chambers. Numerous overcomers of the Holocaust talk about the gas chambers. Gas chambers are professed to be one of the main source of death in fixation and killing camps during the Holocaust. Judith Berg, the survivor that showed up on the Phil Donahue appear, guaranteed she lived close to the crematorium in Auschwitz, where she went through a while. I lived close to the crematorium to the extent I am from you. You could never eat broil chicken on the off chance that you had been there (Phil). It is a marvel to numerous people how deniers can guarantee that the eradication of Jews by gas chambers never happened when these offices despite everything exist right up 'til the present time (Shermer 227). One of the main Holocaust deniers, Fred A. Leuchter, Americas driving authority on the structure and creation of execution hardware, was interested about the gas chambers. In 1988, Leuchter scratched tests from the gas chamber dividers in Auschwitz, Birkenau and Lublin. Cyanide buildup would be pl ainly obvious on every one of these dividers if gassings occurred. To his awe, Leuchter found no critical cyanide follows in any of these rooms. In 1991, the Polish government rehashed these tests to discredit Leuchters discoveries, however they also found no proof of any gassings ever happening (Hoax). It additionally created the impression that the structure of these gas chambers was likewise very flawed. The rooms obviously had normal entryways and windows which are not fixed. There are enormous holes between the floors and entryways. On the off chance that the Germans had endeavored to gas anybody in these rooms, they would have kicked the bucket themselves, as the gas would have spilled and tainted the whole region. Additionally, no gear exists to fumes the air-gas blend from these structures. Nothing was made to present or convey the gas all through the chambers. There are no arrangements to forestall buildup of gas on the dividers, floors or roofs. No fumes stacks have ever e xisted (Hoax). In addition to the fact that survivors claim that gas chambers existed monitors have admitted to the gassings also. Pery Broad, a SS Unterscharfã ¼hrer, was caught by the British on May 6, 1945. After his catch, he composed a diary that was given to the British Intelligence Service. In his diary, he portrayed in detail the gassing methodology, including the utilization of Zyklon-B and the structure of the uncovering room, gas chambers, and crematorium (Shermer 230). Deniers excuse admissions like Broads since they think the gatekeepers that have admitted to gassing were either constrained into an admission or made up the case for peculiar mental reasons. Expansive additionally asserted that the gassing procedure just took around four minutes to finish. Deniers call attention to this since it is at chances with the announcements of others, for example, Commandant Hoess, who guarantee it was increasingly similar to twenty minutes. In view of such errors, deniers excuse the record alto gether. Twelve unique records give twelve distinct figures for time of death by gassing, so deniers accept nobody was gassed by any stretch of the imagination. Clearly, the gassing procedure would take various measures of time because of varieties in conditions, for example, temperature, the quantity of individuals, the room size and the measure of Zyklon-B filled the room (230). It appears like Holocaust deniers flourish with the irregularities of onlookers to demonstrate their focuses. Allowed observer records of the Holocaust may not be the most ideal approach to demonstrate what occurred since memory is lost or mutilated with time. Elizabeth Loftus concedes that observer accounts are broken in light of the fact that each time we review an occasion, we should remake the memory, and with every memory the memory and reality might be changed hued by succeeding occasions, different people groups memories or suggestions㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ Truth and reality, when seen through the channel of our recollections, are not objective but rather emotional, interpretive real factors (Loftus 20). In any case, what Holocaust deniers overlook is that there are a lot of different approaches to demonstrate that the Holocaust existed, for example, pictures, recordings, and remainders from the offices utilized during the Holocaust. There are very few of the above left because of the way that the Nazis attempted their best to disguise the violations they had submitted after the war. To start with, they constrained the put down account of their wrongdoing to a base. Second, they adulterated the record, to the extent that specialized and associations made its reality vital. What's more, ultimately, they pulverized the unnecessary and the most implicating piece of the record, when it had filled its need, in the last period of the Third Reich. They annihilated not just records, they additionally obliterated the mass slaughtering device and exchanged the observers (Denial). Despite the fact that there isn't as much proof as there was during World War II, what remains is sufficiently still to demonstrate that it existed. In the event that there is a gallery devoted to the Holocaust, how might anybody say that it doesnt exist? The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, found in Washington DC, is a living commemoration to the Holocaust. It has displays containing in excess of 900 ancient rarities, 70 video screens, and four performance centers that incorporate noteworthy film. A portion of the recordings in plain view inside the gallery are of the experimentation just as the execution that was performed on the Jews inside inhumane imprisonments. These recordings ar

Introduction to Data Management and File Structures Essay Example

Prologue to Data Management and File Structures Essay Prologue to Data Management and File the executives Most PCs are utilized for information preparing, as a major development region in the data age Data handling from a software engineering point of view: Storage of information Organization of information Access to information Processing of information Data Structures versus File Structures Both include: Representation of Data Operations for getting to information Difference: Data structures: manage information in the primary memory File structures: manage the information in the optional stockpiling Main Memory-MM ast little unstable, I. e. ata is lost during power disappointments. Optional Storage-SS huge (on the grounds that it is modest) stable (non-unstable) I. e. information isn't lost during power disappointments moderate (multiple times more slow than MM) How quick is the principle memory? Run of the mill time for getting data from: Main memory: †10 nanosec = 10 x 10-9 sec Hard plates: †10 milisec = 10 x 10-3 sec A similarity keeping same time extent as above: seconds versus weeks Goal of the document structures What is execution Time Minimize the quantity of outings to the SS so as to get wanted data Group the SS. Memory Balance the memory size and the time How to improve execution Use the correct document structure Understand the focal points detriments of elective strategies Metrics used to quantify productivity and adequacy of a File structure-I straightforwardness, unwavering quality, time complexities, space complexities, versatility, programmability, and viability. *Note that the areas of the productivity and viability concerns depend on schedule and pace intricacy more than some other factor. Measurements used to quantify proficiency and adequacy of a File structure-2 The document structures include two areas: equipment and programming. Equipment basically includes the physical attributes of the capacity medium. Programming includes the information structures used to control the records and strategies or calculations to manage these structures. The physical attributes of the equipment along with information structures and the calculations are utilized to anticipate the proficiency of record tasks. We will compose a custom article test on Introduction to Data Management and File Structures explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Introduction to Data Management and File Structures explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Introduction to Data Management and File Structures explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Spring Festival Essay Example for Free

Spring Festival Essay Spring Festival is the most upbeat celebration in China, and it is likewise the day of a relative rejoining. Would you like to realize that Chinese how to praise this celebration? Putting the spring celebration looks up, hanging the lights, having the gathering suppers, having dumplings, sitting up late and sitting tight for the ring of the New Year are on the whole the Spring Festival’s custom. All the exercises contain the pleasant endowments and willing. For example, eating angles during the celebration express that they trust they are copious consistently, and giving oranges and apples express fortunate and wellbeing. Before the New Year comes, the individuals totally clean the inside and outside of their homes just as their garments, bedclothes and every one of their utensils. At that point individuals start brightening their tidy up rooms highlighting a climate of cheering and party. All the entryway boards will be glued with Spring Festival couplets, featuring Chinese calligraphy with dark characters on red paper. The substance differs from house proprietors wants for a splendid future to good karma for the New Year. Additionally, photos of the lord of entryways and riches will be presented on front entryways on avert detestable spirits and welcome harmony and plenitude. Consuming firecrackers was previously the most run of the mill custom on the Spring Festival. Individuals thought the spluttering sound could help drive away malice spirits. Be that as it may, such a movement was totally or mostly taboo in enormous urban communities once the administration took security, clamor and contamination factors into thought. As a substitution, some purchase tapes with sparkler sounds to hear some out, break little inflatables to get the sound as well, while others purchase sparkler crafted works to hang in the front room. The Chinese character fu (which means gift or satisfaction) is an absolute necessity. The character put in writing can be glued regularly or topsy turvy, for in Chinese the switched fu is homophonic with fu comes, both being articulated as fudaole. Whats progressively, two major red lamps can be raised on the two sides of the front entryway. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brilliantly hued New Year artistic creations with propitious implications might be put on the divider. Individuals join extraordinary significance to Spring Festival Eve. Around then, all relatives have supper together. The dinner is more extravagant than expected. Dishes, for example, chicken, fish and bean curd can't be prohibited, for in Chinese, their elocutions, separately ji, yu and doufu, mean propitiousness, bounty and extravagance. After the supper, the entire family will sit together, visiting and sitting in front of the TV. Lately, the Spring Festival party communicate on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is fundamental amusement for the Chinese both at home and abroad. As indicated by custom, every family will keep awake to see the New Year in. Awakening on New Year, everyone spruces up. First they stretch out welcome to their folks. At that point every kid will get cash as a New Year blessing, enveloped with red paper. Individuals in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think jiaozi in sound methods saying goodbye to the old and introducing the new. Additionally, the state of the dumpling resembles gold ingot from antiquated China. So individuals eat them and wish for cash and fortune.

Battle of the Woods Nollywood Versus Hollywood Free Essays

The Battle of the Woods: Hollywood and Nollywood Cinema of the United States has assumed a verifiable job in the transmission and understanding of numerous qualities that we hold today. We see genuine circumstances dependent on what Hollywood has instructed us. Nearly ninety years after the principal immense achievement of American film, â€Å"The Great Train robbery† was discharged, we were acquainted with another brand of movies. We will compose a custom article test on Clash of the Woods: Nollywood Versus Hollywood or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The faction exemplary â€Å"Living in Bondage† was conveyed. This low-spending film delivered in Onitsha, Nigeria set everything up for what might turn into a blast. So dazzled were the producers and entertainers by their work, they authored the term Nollywood-the Nigerian Hollywood. The various conditions and practices have brought about clear contrasts and a couple of likenesses among Hollywood and Nollywood. The most recognizable attribute of movies delivered in North America is their latent capacity cost. In Hollywood today, a blockbuster that earns $70 million could be viewed as a lemon. Most significant films have creation costs that routinely top the $100 million imprint. As indicated by the Variety film industry income diagram, the all out income for the U. S. film industry in 2006 was $9. 49 billion. Spiderman 3 expense over $ 250 million to create, and Titanic earned a striking $1,848,813,795 around the world. With these immense costs, the quantity of Hollywood films delivered yearly is moderately low. By and large, 603 motion pictures are discharged each year. Interestingly, the normal Nollywood film costs somewhere in the range of N2,040,000 and N2,760,000 ( $17,000-$23,000) to create. Most Nollywood motion pictures are delivered in leased inns, homes, workplaces and not unpredictable studios. With this, movie producers have lower fire up and support costs. Usofia in London cost an unobtrusive N 2. million to create and disseminate. These generally low costs go about as a motivating force for some to create films. As indicated by Hala Gorani and Jeff Koinange, the Nollywood business produces around 200 recordings for the home video showcase consistently. Moreover, contrasts exist in the showcasing and dissemination of movies in the two businesses. Hollywood motion pictures utilize inventive and striking techniques to advertise their motion pictures. A decent arrangement of advancement and publicizing is focused to getting individuals into theaters. Media barrages are propelled to tout the films a long time before its discharge. Banners on transports, bulletins, structured T-shirts, sites are utilized to advance Hollywood movies. These movies are then disseminated to a various crowd. Except if they are amazingly fruitless, Hollywood films are in every case first appeared in quite a while over the world, before they are discharged on DVD. Nollywood films, then again, don't place in a great deal of cash and exertion on the advertising of their movies. Other than the film banners which are generally observed at the selling purpose of the movies, hardly any publicizing is utilized. As all Nollywood films go directly to DVD and VCD circles, the industry blossoms with direct-to-video promoting. Upwards of thirty new titles are conveyed to Nigerian stores and market slows down each week. Makers depend on the way that with this overflow of discharges, their motion pictures would assuredly be gotten among the group; henceforth, utilizing further advertising rehearses is superfluous. As of now, the accessible films in Nigeria don't show any Nollywood motion pictures. The costs, techniques for conveyance, and subjects of Hollywood and Nollywood films reflect emphatically their intended interest groups; how the intended interest group influences the creation of a film and how the creation of a film is intended to catch a particular objective crowd. Hollywood films are intended to catch a particular crowd. Pundits have suggested that they utilize lovely entertainers and hunky on-screen characters to catch that crowd †the high school populace of the whole world. Hip, energetic plots drive the youngsters the ones with the readiness and capacity to go through cash for amusement purposes-to the films. Indeed, even the motion pictures with more components of show, and less activity are as yet made to speak to these youngsters. Halle Berry had the option to win an Academy Award just as totally astound a great many young men who had recently hit adolescence for her indecent job in Monster’s Ball. The absence of detail that is normal for a Nollywood film from its origination to the time it is discharged on video is a reason such that the intended interest group of the motion pictures is commonly the lower class and taught Nigerians. This stale market would appear to be what Nigerian film makers need, as it is a lot simpler to please this sort of customers than a multi year old nerd that knows the significance of CGI. Acclaimed Nigerian producer Chico Ejiro flaunts that he can make a film in three days. He should simply make a film with a similar plot as thousands preceding it but with various on-screen characters, put a title on it, and disseminate it. Nigerians will consistently get it. His intended interest group subsequently doesn't impact his motion pictures since they are consistently there; they will consistently purchase and this gives him no impetus for inventiveness. Nonetheless, with all the contrasts between the two businesses, similitudes do exist. Much the same as Hollywood, the basic role of Nollywood films is to engage watchers. In their mission to engage, the two enterprises may utilize various systems, however Hollywood and Nollywood producers both offer the deep yearning to invigorate the brains of crowds. The two ventures can both be credited for delivering numerous distant stars from simple humans. Marilyn Monroe will be loved till the finish of time, and Richard Mofe Damijo would perpetually be a definitive sex symbol in the brains of every single Nigerian lady over 18. Ruler Joe Okechukwu would consistently be the minister who talks in tongues, and John Wayne is our object of worship in a cowpoke cap that we will outline for our youngsters. The most effective method to refer to Battle of the Woods: Nollywood Versus Hollywood, Papers

Chronic Kidney Disease Community and Public Issue

As a youngster growing up, everybody was told â€Å"respect your elders† or â€Å"listen and obey†. As kids develop into adolescents, they begin pushing the limits to see who they truly need to comply. All through adulthood, however individuals have less and less power figures as the years pass by, everybody must obey somebody. Despite the fact that we as a whole have somebody to comply, when does the conscious submission go too far into perilous region? Compliance becomes hazardous when it turns out to be genuinely or intellectually destructive to one’s self or society.Physical maltreatment to one’s self or someone else is perilous, period. What is considerably additionally terrifying is the point at which somebody harms themselves or others because of an authority figure’s direct effect on them. In the notorious therapist, Stanley Milgram’s, analyze, individuals were advised to direct stun to a companion for not responding to an inquiry eff ectively. This test shows the perils of obeying authority. In spite of the fact that the â€Å"peers† were acting, the subjects completely accepted they were really regulating stun to another human being.This demonstrates that the line between aware submission to a power figure and a risky compliance to a dread striking pioneer is crossed when one individual starts or endeavors to harm one’s self or another in light of a frightful commitment put upon them. Some may contend that cops go too far when they utilize â€Å"excessive force† on a culprit since they are harming someone else because of the depiction of their activity by the nearby government. While this is an admirable statement, if an official is compelled to make physical damage somebody, the person has been incited by the guilty party and are just doing their job.Mental or psychological mistreatment is commonly not the primary thing the vast majority consider when they hear the word dutifulness. In spi te of the fact that it is a rare occurrence talked about, mental maltreatment happens frequently when a position figure manhandles their capacity to separate the mental hindrances that one may have so as to get the individual to comply. This strategy was utilized in the â€Å"Stanford Prison Experiment† when the â€Å"guards† started calling the â€Å"prisoners† by their numbers rather than names and conceded admission to the â€Å"privileged cell† so as to keep up command over the detainees. In view of the mental games played by ome authority figures, the line among acquiescence and peril is crossed and can get unsafe to a person’s inconceivably delicate emotional well-being, making them have musings of self destruction or murder. Some may contend that brain games are the most secure and least demanding approach to maintain structure and control when managing an individual of lesser power. Be that as it may, mental fighting, for example, the psych e games that were utilized in the â€Å"Stanford Prison Experiment†, can leave a portion of the most exceedingly terrible scars on an individual because of post awful pressure issue just as wretchedness which can prompt suicide.Obedience to society isn't frequently thought of when managing this specific subject. The intensity of a larger part is as a rule far thought little of. Similarly as appeared in the article â€Å"The Power of Situations† with the line test, a great many people will abrogate their own eyes to accept what they are told the dominant part accepts or thinks. Society can be a destructive element when attempting to impact the majority. This announcement particularly applies when managing young people. For instance, when most young people are in a circumstance where they feel every other person is accomplishing something they know isn't right, they will generally â€Å"go with the flow† and follow what the group does.In an investigation led by th e â€Å"D. A. R. E. † bunch indicated that, while individuals who attempt to constrain youngsters to smoke say â€Å"everyone does it†, in reality just 11% percent of adolescents really smoke. In spite of the fact that high schooler smoking at all isn't acceptable, 11% is far superior to everybody. Some may express that compliance to society is advancing similarity which is useful for our equity framework just as business as usual. In any case, the possibility that everybody must be the equivalent, think the equivalent, and have similar feelings isn't just tragic, yet in addition nips inventive speculation in the bud.Without innovative scholars, how might our reality find in obscurity? Similarity is okay to a degree, yet when it blocks progress, it turns into a threat to society and people in the future. While a due regard and submission ought to be given to power figures, dutifulness that gets unsafe, mentally or truly, to oneself or society when all is said in done, goes too far into the threat zone where it could hurt a genuine individual or the innovative considerations inside that individual.

How TV And Internet Interfere With Children And Adolescents Behavior Article

How TV And Internet Interfere With Children And Adolescents Behavior Article How TV And Internet Interfere With Children And Adolescents Behavior â€" Article Example > 7 August 2006How T. V. and the Internet Influence the Behaviors of Teens and AdolescentsFor many years now there have been many quantifiable studies carried out on the behavior characteristics of teens and preteens who are subjected to large amounts of exposure to the Internet and Television. These studies have shown that those who spend more than 3 hours a day watching television and engaging in activities on the computer are more apt to fall in-behind on their school studies and be more prone to attitude and behavior problems than other kids in their age bracket are (Shifrin 2006, pg. 448). Some of the main concerns that sociologists and psychologists have with children who have overexposure to these media sources is in what they are actually exposed too. On the Internet there are images that can be considered pornographic which present themselves all the time. Even many of the sites that are considered to be comic and totally for recreational purposes have started becoming more explicit. If parents are not readily around to monitor what their children are being confronted with through media entertainment then a more psychological problem begins to occur, especially if the material is not suitable for young viewers (Newman 2006, pg. 10). A huge reason for concern is in how the images impact these young viewers. This is explicitly true when there is an issue of violence that is of a very real nature, such as the Oklahoma City Bombings from years ago or more recently September 11. Although these current issues are a few years old now, many children can still suffer emotional strain if they are overexposed to the events still ongoing, such as terrorism. Children are to young to have to be worried about issues of threats such as terrorism regardless of how very real they are or not. This is a parent’s world and they should be controlling how much reality T. V. that children are actually viewing whether it is the news, documentaries, or basic cartoon shows. Too much violence is not good for children to be exposed too period (Duggal et al 2002, pg. 494). Children do have a toleration level, just as adults do and they can not comprehend violence in reality the way that adults can. Psychiatrists, Psychologists, Pediatricians, Sociologists, and other adults who work with children can attest to the facts of what too much violence on television, the internet, and on the news can do to the minds of preteens and other young adolescent kids. They can develop PTSD with the same probability as an adult can when they are exposed to images and programs that they simply have a hard time relating too (Cavendish 1997, pg. 6). Exposure to world events such as the War in Iraq and the terrorist activities ongoing in other parts of the world are just a few of the very real issues that children can become threatened by and have emotional problems dealing with. This isn’t to say that keeping children abreast of what is happening in the world is bad but what it is saying is that a parent needs to know when to limit allowing a child to sit and watch violent news programs to them that show death and carnage for an extensive period of time, such as the immediate coverage of the war, etc. Seeing to much violence can also promote very aggressive tendencies within some children who are already having behavioral problems, or so sociologists claim.

Average SATs At The Top Business Schools

Average SATs At The Top Business Schools by: Pearly Tan on December 06, 2017 | 0 Comments Comments 10,865 Views December 6, 2017Many have a love-hate relationship with standardized tests. Others have a hate-hate relationship with them. Either way, they remain a continued measuring stick for college admissions offices inundated with applications. Many schools continue to require the pesky tests for admission. Some use it heavily when weighing one applicant against another. And the vast majority use them for merit-based scholarship selection. So as part of our Best Undergraduate Business Schools Ranking, we ask schools to provide average scores for their most recent incoming classes. And for the past few years that weve been tracking it, the scores continue to sky-rocket.This year, for the first time ever, one school produced an average score of more than 1,500 on the 1,600-point scale. Washington University in St. Louiss Olin Business School enrolled a class with an average SAT s core of 1,507 — higher than any other in our ranking of 82 business schools and up 27 points from the 1480 they reported for the Class of 2016. The University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School had the second highest average with a 1499 — up 42 points from last years average. The next three highest schools were Southern Methodist Universitys Cox School (1480), New York Universitys Stern School (1468), and Northeastern Universitys DAmore McKim School (1465).Of the 82 schools ranked this year by  PoetsQuants, 20 reported average SAT scores of 1400 or higher. According to the College Board, a score of 1400 is in the 97th percentile of the nationwide average for 2017. To finish in the 90th percentile, according to the same data, applicants must score at least a 1290. More than half (47) of the 82 schools reported at least a 1290. The lowest reported score of ranked schools was Northern Illinois Universitys 1100, which is in the 67th percentile nationwide.NEW SCORING SCALE I S TWO YEARS OLDIt’s been almost two years since the SAT went from being a 2,400-point score to a 1,600-point score amid other changes. One SAT-prep expert has already drastically changed the approach for preparing high school students for the test.â€Å"I help high school students and their parents to be savvy about the whole college process,† Robert Franek, editor-in-chief at The Princeton Review, says about his approach.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"We help students to navigate the system and sometimes, we have to remind them that even when a school doesn’t require an SAT score, there may be other reasons a students needs to submit the numbers.†Franek has been teaching courses for  The Princeton Review for over two decades. He says that The Princeton Review has over 4,000 teachers that have adjusted their curriculum according to the changes made to the SAT in order to better prepare their clients.SO LONG, USELESS VOCAB AND SO LONG, SAT?Other than a reduction in the poin t-score, the big change starting in 2016 was students taking the SAT were no longer penalized for wrong answers. This means students no longer have to weigh between the likelihood of an accurate guess and not earning a point without an answer. Questions in the exam also no longer contain obscure vocabulary such as â€Å"quixotic† and â€Å"toady. Instead, they have been replaced with more common and useful vocabulary. The multiple choice questions went from five answer options to four. And in many ways, Franek says these changes have merely made the SAT more similar to the ACT and therefore, a better exam competitor. One reason for the changes, he says, is the growing popularity of the ACT and the dwindling one of the SAT.â€Å"The SAT has been losing market share steadily over the last 15 years and students and parents often ask if the SAT and ACT are interchangeable, and I say yes,† Franek explains. â€Å"Both are high-stake exams that are acceptable throughout the country.†Franek added that he frequently emphasizes the SAT remains important as a second step through the doors of most colleges after they have assessed the student’s high-school GPA and the rigor of their high-school courses.CONNECTING WITH UNIVERSITIES BEFORE APPLYING KEY TO GETTING NOTICED BY ADMISSIONS STAFFAt Christopher Newport University, the average SAT score in the fall 2017 incoming class was 1230. With over 8,000 students vying for just 1,200 spaces in the freshman class, Robert Lange, dean of admissions, says a good SAT score helps.â€Å"Students with a GPA of 3.5 and above and a rigorous high-school curriculum can choose not to submit their SAT scores, but 75% of students still chose to submit them,† Lange, who works with a team of 15 full-time staff, says. He adds that there have been instances where a straight-A student with an Advanced Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum is admitted without any standardized test scores . However, SAT scores are still needed for anyone applying for merit scholarships.Other factors that influence admittance include engagement with the community, school counselor recommendations, character references, and finally, how much they’ve engaged with Christopher Newport University prior to applying.Lange says his team tracks all the interactions high-school students have with their university, from open house recruitment days and off campus events to high-school visits and how early a student applies to join. He estimates that the school received about 500 early decision applications who fill up about a quarter of the incoming class.â€Å"Overall, SAT scores give us a place to start, though we consider many other factors as well,† Lange says. â€Å"While there is no minimum score, 1080 is quite the minimum to be a special talent consideration where you’re an athlete or in the performing arts.†To help special talent students keep up with their cla ssmates, Lange says they are required to participate in a virtual bridge program in the summer and take a college transition course as they enter in the fall. They are also supported and monitored academically throughout their years to help them become more all-rounded.A FEW MORE SCHOOLS GOING TEST-OPTIONALSome colleges, like Ithaca College and Wake Forest, are completely test-optional, making GPA and high-school schedules and curriculums more important than ever.â€Å"Students can send in their standardized testing scores with their applications with they want, but we’ve realized that they are biased and not predictive of a student’s success,† says Lisa Searle, associate director of the Office of Admission at Ithaca. â€Å"We prefer to look at a student’s high-school schedule, their extracurricular involvements and what the adults in their lives have to say about them to decide if they’ll be a good fit for our school.†Ithaca College became test-optional starting with the fall Class of 2013 after intensive research into students during their junior year. The school found that there was no correlation between the students SAT scores and their six semester GPAs and wanted to diversify their student body by encouraging a broader applicant pool. The school receives about 1,600 applications each year and in 2017, the average SAT score for students in the fall incoming class was 1204, with 26% of students coming from underrepresented minority groups and 14% being first-generation college students.MAGOOSH — TEST PREP FOR THE PEOPLE?Students seeking test-prep services have a wide-range of costs to choose from. For  The Princeton Review that has been working with students for decades, SAT prep starts at $299 for a self-paced course that includes test-prep materials and three hours of online tutoring. The next level prep bundle is a steep price increase to $1,099 for a â€Å"traditional, comprehensive classroom course with personalized online tools, where students can seek help from tutors both online and in person.Magoosh, an online test prep company thats slightly newer to the game, was established in 2009. Chris Lele, SAT/ACT curriculum manager with Magoosh says that the team aims to offer exam prep to more students, hence the more affordable prices. One month of access to video lessons, practice questions, and email tutoring with Magoosh costs just $79. The price increases just $10 and $20 for the three-month and and six-month courses, respectively.â€Å"Other test prep companies charge thousands of dollars and that makes it an advantage that’s reserved for people with resources,† Lele says. â€Å"We think a lot of doors close by not taking the SAT, so we’re trying to give more students access to the tool.†Similarly, Searle believes standardized tests — and the costs that come with prepping for them — can hurt certain groups of people more so than oth ers.â€Å"I know many schools where the SAT indeed is the easiest way to set aside students, but we’ve found at Ithaca that the method automatically disadvantages certain groups of students,† Searle says. â€Å"We’ve chosen a more holistic approach to evaluating our student’s candidacy, and encourage them to disclose any information that may have impacted their performance in high school.†Other test-optional colleges ranked by  PoetsQuants include George Washington University, Sacred Heart University, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute.LOOKING AT THE FULL ADMISSIONS PICTUREAccording to the 2017 SAT Suite Annual Report by College Board, 1.7 million high-school students took the SAT in 2017. Of the group, 9% of test-takers identified as Asian, 13% identified as Black/African-American, and 24% as Hispanic/Latino. Some 44% or 760,362, of students who took the exam said they were White.On top of the personal information students provide, Searle says that she is careful even when looking at the courses a student has taken in high school as a consideration for admissions. Searle and her team have recognized over the years of doing admissions work that it is unfair to judge a student for not having taken a particularly rigorous curriculum if their school, community or neighborhood doesn’t offer it. The bottom line, she says, is to take the most â€Å"appropriately rigorous curriculum† they can handle and their school offers.â€Å"Not all schools offer honors and advanced placement classes,† Searle acknowledges. â€Å"If you’re on the accelerated track, take accelerated courses to show us you’re challenging yourself. But no two high schools are the same and no two student records are the same.†SAT IS GOING, BUT DONT EXPECT IT TO BE TOTALLY GONEWhile the number of test-optional colleges have grown to about 900 in the U.S., Franek is quick to remind students that there are about 3,500 college s in the U.S., many of whom still require applying students to submit an SAT score. And there are many more reasons a student may have to do so.â€Å"Our job is to prepare students for college, and that includes financial aid,† says Franek. â€Å"The SAT score is still required for scholarship dollars and that’s part of the conversation.†Franek agrees the SAT remains an important part of the application, despite its potential limitations.â€Å"The SAT is important, there’s no denying that,† Franek says. â€Å"What we aim to do is guide the students so they know there won’t be a single question in the exam that they haven’t faced before if they prepare well for it.†(SEE THE FOLLOWING PAGE FOR AVERAGE SAT SCORES AT MORE THAN 90 TOP BUSINESS SCHOOLS.) Page 1 of 212 »

This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen Essay - 1394 Words

Evan Califano 4/24/12 Modern Europe An Analysis of â€Å"This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen† The short story â€Å"The Death of Schillinger† was a story about a First Sergeant whom ruled over labor sector ‘D,’ a laboring portion of Birkenau which was formally known as the Auschwitz extermination camp. Schillinger was a short stocky man and was truly evil at his essence; â€Å"He visited the crematoria regularly and liked to watch people being shoved into the gas chambers.† (pp.144) One day in August of 1943, the SS were unloading a transport and preparing to load stripped Jews into the gas chambers. However, before this could be done Schillinger took a liking to one of the nude women and grabbed her out of line; she threw gravel in his eyes,†¦show more content†¦The sick Schreiber carried his box to Block 14, and then the Waschraum. Onlookers thought he was odd considering he could have given these items away before being executed. However, one onlooker; a doctor remind s the readers that, â€Å"Something [could] surely happen along the way. Holding a package would be a little like holding somebody’s hand.† (pp.150) The theme of this short story is that the victims of the Holocaust were surely strong at heart and would not give up until the bitter end. Lastly, another theme that could be derived is that no one can understand death until it is staring them in the face; this was symbolized when the author stated, â€Å"The Jews who were driven to the gas chamber sand some soul-stirring Hebrew song which nobody could understand.† (pp.151) While most of the prisoners in the camp were Jewish, no one except those being driven to their deaths could understand the hymn that was sung. â€Å"A True Story† was about a malnourished man sick with typhoid fever whom told many stories to his bed neighbor Kapo Kwasniak. Kwasniak detested inactivity, but had poor kidneys and could not eat or work like he once used to. Kwasniak was not hu mored by the old man’s stories unless they were true as Kwasniak was not impressed with romantic literature, adventure films, or fictional novels. The malnourished old man began to tell Kwasniak a delusional story of a young boy he met in prison; the boy was found to be guilty of writing on walls and was shotShow MoreRelatedThis Way For The Gas, Ladies And Gentlemen Essay815 Words   |  4 Pagesduring the holocaust. He published most of his works for the underground press as they were brutally honest from his personal experience. He struggled in search of good moral values despite his Nazi occupation. In his short story â€Å"This way for the gas, ladies and gentlemen† was set in a concentration camp in Auschwitz. The narrator was a polish prisoner who worked under Nazi rule, we can assume it is based on Borowski’s real life. BODY 1: ABOUT LIFETadeusz Borowski was born in 1922 in a small townRead MoreThis Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen1246 Words   |  5 PagesThe sullen narrative This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen poignantly recounts the events of a typical day in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. The author, Tadeusz Borowski, was Polish Holocaust survivor of Auschwitz, the series of death camps responsible for the deaths of the largest number of European Jews. Recounted from a first-person point of view, the novel unfolds at dawn as the unnamed narrator eats breakfast with a friend and fellow prisoner, Henri. Henri is a member ofRead MoreThis Way for the Gas, Ladies Gentlemen729 Words   |  3 PagesThe sole factor that separated Tadeusz Borowski from the gas chambers when he was at Auschwitz—beyond the fact that he wasn’t Jewish—was his cooperation with the S.S. soldiers. He assisted the Nazis in eliminating thousands of Jewish men, women, and children. â€Å"This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen† ultimately uses the narrator to convey Borowski’s message of what really happened during the Holocaust. This also explains why the story is in first person: it reflects the author’s own experiencesRead MoreThis Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen: Term Paper1448 Words   |  6 Pages102 Dr. LaPierre April 24, 2013 This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen During the time of World War II, people considered inferior to the Nazis were sent off to concentration camps. Determining who lives and who dies was done mainly by separating those who are healthy and able to work from those who are not. So in order for these inmates to survive, they had to make themselves appear as healthy and work-capable as possible for as long as possible. Making this work was a struggle for most peopleRead MoreSurvival of Nazi Atrocities and Borowski’s Narrative Techniques in This Way To The Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen937 Words   |  4 PagesTadeusz Borowski’s â€Å"This Way to the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen† is a story told by Tadek, the diminutive of Tadeusz, recounting the Nazi atrocities that took place in Auschwitz. In his rendering of daily life in Auschwitz, Borowski explains his role as a kapo: a non-Jewish inmate who works and schemes to survive amid daily slaughter. In the ‘concentration universe’ social relations are determined by access to basic goods needed for survival, like food and clothing, and by the surplus of these thatRead MoreThis Way for the Gas Analysis Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stages of Deception used as a way of Persuasion and the thought of Hope in This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen Throughout Borowski’s collection of short stories, â€Å"This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen† various characters have been deceived into their own executions. The thought of being led to one’s own death without even knowing is what went through the minds of many Jews during the Holocaust. These victims had no control or say in their fates and faced the judgment without anyRead MoreThe Truth Of Auschwitz Concentration Camp837 Words   |  4 PagesA large proportion of stories and poems that describe the truth of Auschwitz concentration camp are written by the survivors who gets out of there. The author - Tadeusz Borowski, who have been through the deadly gas situation and he used his pen to telling people what truly happened in Auschwitz. Just like what he mentioned in the short story, â€Å"There can be no beauty if it is paid for by human injustice, nor truth that passes over injustice in silence, nor moral virtue that condones it.†, he is theRead MoreLiterary Representation Vs Visual Testimony Essay2242 Words   |  9 Pagesorder, narrative perspective, the outlook of the author towards the future and how the choice of genre affects the way the story is told. SYMBOLS AND/OR METAPHORS Author Emily Miller Budick, writes in her book Aharon Appelfeld s Fiction: Acknowledging the Holocaust, she gives an analysis of the symbols and metaphors written in Tadeusz Borowski’s â€Å"This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen†. She writes â€Å"from the opening image of the thousands of naked men and women milling around the barracks in theRead MoreSigmund Freud, Joseph Conrad, And Tadeusz Borowski1390 Words   |  6 PagesTadeusz Borowski were some of the most influential voices during 20th century Europe. Europe at the time was transitioning from being one of the most powerful and intellectual nations, to now experiencing human suffering, revolutions, and war. Due to this, these intellectual thinkers began to drift away from 19th-century enlightenment ideas, such as liberty, progress, and a constitutional government. They began to question Europe s achievements and started criticizing progress, rationality, and humanRead MoreTesco1180 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment 3 – A manuscript – Tesco Hello Ladies and Gentlemen. First of all I would like to thank you for having me here today. It’s great to see so many beautiful upcoming business people attending at this conference. My name is Nadia Veis and I’m a PR assistant at Tesco, the world’s 3rd largest retailer after Wal-Mart and Carrefour. I’ve been a representative for the company for about four years now. I’ve been looking forward to give this speech to you guys here at the London School of Economics

Simmons Surname Meaning and Family History

The specific etymology of the Simmons surname has been difficult for historians to establish. Several possible origins include: A patronymic surname derived from the Biblical name Simon or Simund, from the Greek form of the Hebrew name Shimon which meant hearkening or listening.A patronymic surname from the personal name Simund, meaning  victorious protector, from the Old Norse  sig, meaning  victory,  and mundr, or protection.  A possible evolution of the name Seaman, meaning navigator or sailor. SIMMONS was the 92nd most common American surname in the 1990 U.S. census but had fallen out of the top 100 common U.S. surnames by the time of the 2000 U.S. census. Surname Origin:  English, German and French Alternate Surname Spellings:  SIMOND, SIMMONDS, SYMONDS, SIMONS, SIMMANCE, SIMMENCE, SEMMENS, SEAMANS Famous People with the Surname SIMMONS Russell Simmons - co-founder of the pioneering hip-hop label, Def JamJean Simmons - English actressRichard Simmons - American fitness trainer Where is the SIMMONS Surname Most Common? The Simmons surname is most prevalent in the United States, according to surname distribution information from  Forebears, where it ranks as the 104th most common last name. It is also somewhat common in England (286th), Australia (342nd) and Wales (377th). Surname distribution maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  show the Simmons surname is especially common in the American southeast, including the states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, West Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Genealogy Resources for the Surname SIMMONS Simmons Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Simmons family crest or coat of arms for the Simmons surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. SIMMONS DNA ProjectMore than 300 members have joined this project for the Simmons surname (and variants such as Simons) to  work together to find their common heritage through DNA testing and sharing of information. SIMMONS Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Simmons ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Simmons ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearch - SIMMONS GenealogyExplore over 8  million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Simmons surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Simmons RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Simmons surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Simmons Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Simmons surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Simmons SurnameExplore over 6.8  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Simmons surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com----------------------- References: Surname Meanings OriginsCottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

How to Give Orders in French

Sleep Deprivation On College Students - 1125 Words

Topic: Sleep deprivation in college students General purpose: Inform classmates of the importance of sleep Specific Purpose: State the consequences of not getting enough sleep Thesis Statement: When the projects, exams, and extra-curricular activities start to pile up on one another it seems as though there is not enough time in the day. This is when college students tend to lose precious hours of sleep and the consequences can be costly. Organizational Pattern: topical I. Introduction A. Attention Catcher-I have tests in three of my classes this week, I have a group project due in two days that my group hasn’t started on yet, I have basketball practice from 8-10pm Monday and Wednesday, my sorority has a formal this week that I need to help coordinate and on top of that I was up till 2 in the morning last night correcting a reference page for an informative speech. I can’t possibly get all these things done in the time frame I have so what do I sacrifice? I sacrifice my sleep. B. Thesis- When the projects, exams, and extra-curricular activities start to pile up on one another it seems as though we don’t have enough time in the day. This is when college students tend to lose precious hours of sleep to catch up on their academics and extra-curricular activities and the consequences can be costly. C. Preview of Main Points- The idea of sleep seems like a pretty simple concept but there is much more behind it than just closing yourS how MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreSleep Deprivation of College Students1197 Words   |  5 PagesSleep Deprivation of college students It is 11:30 in the morning and the lecture started half an hour ago. The classroom is still half empty. Although half of the class is here, they don’t look like awake. Most of them look like zombies. The above scenario is a common condition taken place in colleges. A research done by Tsui,YY, et al (2009) shows that two thirds of the participating students reported sleep deprivation. The poor sleep quality results in their zombie looks and poor attendantsRead MoreSleep Deprivation of College Students1182 Words   |  5 PagesSleep Deprivation of college students It is 11:30 in the morning and the lecture started half an hour ago. The classroom is still half empty. Although half of the class is here, they don’t look like awake. Most of them look like zombies. The above scenario is a common condition taken place in colleges. A research done by Tsui,YY, et al (2009) shows that two thirds of the participating students reported sleep deprivation. The poor sleep quality results in their zombie looks and poor attendants inRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1468 Words   |  6 PagesSleep Deprivation in College Students According to the Google definition, sleep is a condition of body and mind such as that which typically recurs for several hours every night. While the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes close, the postural muscles relax, and consciousness is practically suspended. It has been proven by researchers at sleepfoundation.org that one of the vital roles of sleep is to help us solidify our memories. As we go about our day, our brains take in an incredibleRead MoreEssay on Sleep Deprivation in College Students1144 Words   |  5 Pagesto ask them what the cause of their restlessness was, the popular statement would be a lack of sleep. However, most would not dare to think that a lack of sleep could cause multiple issues in everyday life. This problem has been seen to peak during the good ole college days. It is hard to imagine that those days of all-night cramming sessions and those late nights partying causing students to be sleep deprived could lead to a variety of problems like stress, long term insomnia, and a weakened immuneRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep deprivation is a frequent obstacle that many college students in America face. Insomnia in college students can have an immense impact on psychological and physical health, which greatly influence academic success. Research shows that 70% of college students qualify as sleep deprived. Sleep deprivation has also been linked with several diseases/disorders, including: depression, anxiety, and obesity. Our research question investigated how sleep deprivation in college students affectsRead MoreSleep Deprivation Among College Students1146 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Sleep deprivation among college students. Specific Purpose: To persuade my peers to get a sufficient amount of sleep. Central Idea: Sleep deprivation among college students can lead to poor performance and health problems, so finding ways to sleep more can help improve your sleeping habits. INTRODUCTION Attention-getter: Think of this scenario. It is Thursday night. You have an English paper due the next day at 9:00 in the morning and you have barely even thought about what your topic shouldRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students1217 Words   |  5 Pages Although acquiring the basic amount of sleep seems to be an easy task, college students are struggling to snag even a couple hours of sleep, thus significantly affecting their four domains of development during a crucial developmental period in their lives. College students are going through the development period, Emerging Adulthood, which is from the ages of 18 to 25 years old. During this period of time, adolescents tend to focus on their self-development and discover their identity and the fourRead MoreSpeech On Sleep Deprivation And College Students1305 Words   |  6 PagesDilan Behrle Topic: Sleep Deprivation Organization: Topically Specific Purpose: Sleep and college students usually don’t tend to get along very well. Sleep and college life often bump heads due to stress, coursework and social activities. This speech will give the students useful information about dangers of not getting enough sleep and also hints on how to get a better nights sleep. INTRODUCTION A. Attention Getter: Did you know 40% of Americans or (100 million people) are moderatelyRead MoreEssay On Sleep Deprivation In College Students794 Words   |  4 PagesSleep Deprivation in College Students College students all over America struggle with one consistent problem: sleep deprivation. As one may have guessed, it is one of the main complaints heard coming from most young adults. There are many things that are known to cause sleep deprivation, especially when it comes to college life. Between keeping up grades and maintaining a social life, it is difficult for students to stay well rested. According to â€Å"Causes and Consequences of Sleepiness Among College

Buying a House Is Better Than Renting Free Essays

Buying a house is a better option than renting an apartment. † In this essay I will discuss about the major benefits of buying a house rather than renting an apartments. While it can be costly it is a safer place to live that has long term-investment and tax advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Buying a House Is Better Than Renting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Buying a house may be difficult and it can be a confusing process, even for veteran buyers. Here are some tasks that housing experts say before getting into the buying a house. Get financials in order. Buyers should check their credit score, taxes, 401(k) s and other aspects of their financial situation to determine the maximum amount they are comfortable affording for their monthly mortgage, utilities, maintenance, taxes and insurance. If one’s credit score is low, he or she may need to get it higher before applying for a mortgage. A bad credit score may not just affect the buyers’ rates, but may prevent them from getting a mortgage. Buyers should also get pre-approved by a broker or lender — that means they get an agreement by a bank to lend the buyer up to a specific amount for a home, and the bank tells sellers that financing is already lined up. When a buyer finds the right house, he or she make an offer and apply for a mortgage. While every local market is different, most economists say buyers are generally in the driver’s seat today this mean, buyers can ask to lower the price of prospected home. Fifty-three percent of homeowners believe a seller’s market is still two or more years away, according to a survey of 2,003 adults between March 30 and April 2 by American Express. This market is very local. Homes in Chicago are getting multiple offers and going for more than 10% over the asking price, for example, while those in Fort Lauderdale are selling for 20% less than list price, according to Zip Realty. When a buyer his ready to purchase a house, they should have enough cash for a down payment, which can be a minimum of 10%, and extra funds for closing costs, including appraisal costs and move-in deposit. Buyers need to make sure that if they are buying a used house, they need to check any additions or construction to an existing home have been properly filed with the city and approved for better appraisal or buyer can purchase a new house if they would want to. When he or she owns and lives in a house, there are many benefits that come with owning and living in the house. The following are the benefits of living in a house. One major benefit of living in a house is safety and privacy. In apartments there are limited. Living in a house, He or she does not have too many neighbors around him or her compares to living in apartments where neighbors is literally next door and with in your arms reach. When he or she lives in a house, they are always on the ground floor, where in apartments tenants can have no choice but to climb those stairs and maybe all the way to the last floor. When he or she lives in a house, they definitely have no problem where to park their vehicle; they can have their own garage and a driveway, which is more comfortable and much safer than apartment’s parking lot. Apartments have a higher crime rate compare to any types of housing, According to the National Crime Prevention Council, the organization best known for McGruff the Crime Dog, apartments are eighty-five percent more likely to be victimized by burglaries compare to Even though one may feel safe living in a house or apartment, they still need to practice vigilance and prevention to avoid becoming a victim of property theft or other crimes. Buying a house can be great long term investment. As old and basic as it is, the number one rule in real estate still hasn’t changed: location is everything. The area in which the house is located– its surroundings and distance from an urban center – has a profound impact on the long-term value of one’s home. Real estate experts have long cautioned against owning the most lavish house in the neighborhood or making extravagant home improvements that far outdo everything else around. The fact is that, generally speaking, pricey homes don not appreciate as much as more modest structures do. It is typically better to buy the least expensive house in an upscale neighborhood and make improvements. In such a case, your home will appreciate more in value. Although the average change in house prices are related to changes in fundamentals or perhaps market-wide bubbles, not all houses in a market appreciate at the same rate. Apartments only increase in rent as the years go by. Renters will never own a piece of the apartment or cash out any money they put in, unlike in paying the â€Å"mortgage. † If the owner continues paying the mortgage, in 15, 20 or 30 years (depending on the length of the loan) the house is theirs. Homeowner can deduct on their federal and state income taxes the amount of mortgage interest and real estate taxes they pay each year. For example, by itemizing deductions on the tax return, a married couple filing jointly can deduct $21,000 from his taxable income. A renting married couple may not have a lot of deductions, so they might choose the standard deduction, which is $10,300. Home receives an additional $10,700 in tax deduction than the renting couple. Assuming both couples each earn $100,000 per year. The renting couple would have to pay income tax on $89,700. The owning couple would pay tax on $79,000 difference of $10,000 owners can put in their pocket. Everyone wants to cut back on what they pay in taxes and home ownership not only decreases taxes, but builds equity. Equity is the difference between the market value of a property and the claims held against it. Having equity, homeowner may borrow money using equity as collateral. This is another benefit of buying a house instead of renting an apartment. While it can be costly it is a safer place to live that has long term-investment and tax advantage. How to cite Buying a House Is Better Than Renting, Essay examples

Body Art In The Extreme Essay Example For Students

Body Art In The Extreme Essay Tattoos are becoming a popular phenomenon that is seen everywhere. Todays youth are getting permanent tattoos to be cool and trendy, but are not considering the long-term effects. Teenagers should be aware of all that body modification may include, it is not just a pretty picture. Adolescences must consider the dangers and conscientious result of attaining diseases, being underage, and having a permanent mark on their body. The unsanitary conditions of getting a tattoo tend to go unnoticed by teenagers. The increase popularity in body art has also caused an increase in the incidences of Hepatitis, especially Hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is spread by contact with human blood. Since, the government regulation has not enforced hygiene requirements for tattoo parlors, disease such as Hepatitis C thrive in these environments. Another disease that can be acquired is HIV. The government does not force tattoo parlors to use new needles or to sanitize the old ones. Also, tattoos can get easily infected and leave a scar if not properly taken care of. Sometimes, people die from ink poisoning if too much ink gets into the blood stream. I havent even touched on how painful it is to get a tattoo and how painful it will be to obtain a disease. Young adults do not consider the dangers of a tattoo until it is too late. Another problem with getting a tattoo is being underage. Teenagers have to convince their parents that a tattoo isnt a foolish decision and they really want one. Some parents are intensely against tattoos and see them as something bad. Certain parents are narrow minded, because they view them as gang related, devilish behavior or eccentric conduct. Certain tattoos can also give you a bad reputation. Such as, having a skull can make adults think that you are part of a biker gang or having certain symbols would associate you with a gang. If you dont get your parents consent for a tattoo and somehow get one, then you will have hide the tattoo in order not to get in trouble. Sometimes, if you have a tattoo showing when you go to a job interview, you might not get the job. Employers feel that their employees should have a nice outer appearance that would look attractive to the customers. Being underage can be a bitch. Finally, tattoos are permanent and very hard to get off. It would be hard to pick one design and to stick with that design for the rest of your life. Most people change their mind about everything at least three times. What may have seemed cool when you were 25 is completely different kind of cool when you are 55. Also, your body changes too. You wont have the same body at 25 when you are 55. That tattoo will be there forever unless you decide to use laser surgery to have it remove, which would cost at least a thousand more than the tattoo itself. Then, after you have it removed you  will still have a scar where the tattoo use to be. You could even end up in hell for having a tattoo. God created your human body and expected you to die with that human body. Which, if you get a tattoo it would be a creation of your own and not Gods. Therefore, it would be consider a sin. The tattoo will never go away. No matter how glamorous a tattoo is, it will harm you in some way. When you consider the dangers and conscientious result, you may think twice about a tattoo. There are so many more factors that I havent even touch upon that could stop a person from getting a tattoo. All you have to do is go to your parents and I am positive that they will discourage you from attempting to get one. You could always enjoy the benefit of temporary tattoos. They look like real tattoos, but without the hassles of one.

Terrace garden free essay sample

In gardening, a terrace is an element where a raised flat paved or graveled section overlooks a prospect. A raised terrace keeps a house dry and provides a transition between the hard materials of the architecture and softer ones of the garden. We have a very long tradition of gardening and landscaping. Our literatures and mythologies are full of references to these. Man always thought of natural landscape as his ideal habitat. Adam originally lived in the Garden of Eden. Most of the world mythologies place that the men of primitive people build their abodes considering themselves as part of landscape. Mans fascination for landscaping never decrease. The Egyptians had elaborate gardens with many types of birds. Romans were fond of gardens in their villas. Chinese reveled in garden designs. English, Italian and Japanese made an effect to innovate landscape ideas. And Persians developed a concept of paradise the garden with all landscape elements. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrace garden or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In turn, Babylonians built terrace upon terrace of gardens which were designed using the Persian landscape elements. These gardens are not created on constructed terrace but the site actually terraced. They gave rise to idea that we can have gardens on terraces separated from the ground by concrete slab. JUSTIFICATION Terrace gardens are most often found in urban environments. Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption of the building which then reduces energy consumption. The primary cause of heat build-up in cities is insolation, the absorption of solar radiation by roads and buildings in the city and the storage of this heat in the building material and its subsequent re-radiation. Plant surfaces however, as a result of transpiration, do not rise more than 4–5  °C above the ambient and are sometimes cooler. This then translates into a cooling of the environment between 3. 6 and 11. 3 degrees Celsius (6. 5 and 20. 3  °F), depending on the area on earth (in hotter areas, the environmental temperature will cool more). The study was performed by the University of Cardiff. A study at the National Research Council of Canada showed the differences between Terraces with gardens and Terraces without gardens against temperature. The study shows temperature effects on different layers  of each Terrace at different times of the day. Terrace gardens are obviously very beneficial in reducing the effects of temperature against Terraces without gardens. â€Å"If widely adopted, Terrace top gardens could reduce the urban heat island, which would decrease smog episodes, problems associated with heat stress and further lower energy consumption. † Becoming green is a high priority for urban planners. The environmental and aesthetic benefits to cities are the prime motivation. It was calculated that the temperature in Tokyo could be lowered by 0. 11–0.84  °C if 50% of all available Terrace top space were planted with greenery. This would lead to a savings of approximately 100 million yen. Singapore is very active in green urban development. Terrace gardens present possibilities for carrying the notions of nature and open space further in tall building development. When surveyed, 80% of Singapore residents voted for more Terrace gardens to be implemented in the citys plans. Recreational reasons, such as leisure and relaxation, beautifying the environment, and greenery and nature, received the most amounts of votes. Planting Terrace gardens on tops of building is a great way to make city more efficient. The planters on a Terrace garden may be designed for a variety of functions and vary greatly in depth to satisfy aesthetic and recreational purposes. These planters can hold a range of ornamental plants: anything from trees, shrubs, vines, or an assortment of flowers. As aesthetics and recreation are the priority they may not provide the environmental and energy benefits of a green Terrace. Planting on Terrace tops can make urban living more self-sufficient and make fresh vegetables more accessible to urban people. Terrace gardens are becoming a common feature in todays urban environment. The phenomenon of landscaping on the terraces and Terrace tops has evolved due to excessive exploitation of the urban land. Bricks, concrete and asphalt have replaced greenery on horizontal as well as vertical planes. Skyscrapers, parking areas and network of roads have acquired a major of urban land. The modern means of transport compels us to create amenities such as bus- stands, railway stations and airports which have pushed away the vegetation and natural green spaces from acres of urban land. In such congested environment, Terrace tops and terrace of buildings provides a valuable potential source of outdoor space accessible to users of buildings. Behind the idea of terrace gardens and Terrace top landscapes is an urge to bring back greenery, which is pushed away from urban areas. These are necessarily green areas created on the concrete slabs. Their need has increased with designing of high- rise buildings which deprive their occupants of any visual contact with nature. Terrace gardens bring back this missing link between the man and nature, though on moderate scale. Terrace gardens improve the quality of view from the surrounding higher buildings and can be specifically designed to be viewed from above. In cities around the world, terrace gardens are commonly created at three different levels, which are: i. On Terrace top of a building. ii. Porches, window boxes, portico balconies and such projected levels out of tower block, above the ground level iii. At the podium level, around the base or on Terrace of large basements. Terrace gardens, designed with proper understanding of basic requirements and structural care, are able to create a pleasant natural environment at any level in the building. Terrace landscape provides the outdoor areas for social inter- change that otherwise is almost impossible to obtain in densely developed cities. This, in turn goes a long way in bringing about the much needed psychological and physical relief to stresses and strains of todays urban life. APPLICABILITY â€Å"In an accessible Terrace garden, space becomes available for localized small-scale urban agriculture, a source of local food production. An urban garden can supplement the diets of the community it feeds with fresh produce and provide a tangible tie to food production. † At Trent University, there is currently a working Terrace garden which provides food to the student cafe and local citizens. Available gardening areas in cities are often seriously lacking, which is likely the key impetus for many Terrace gardens. The garden may be on the Terrace of an autonomous building which takes care of its own water and waste. Hydroponics and other alternative methods can expand the possibilities of Terrace top gardening by reducing, for example, the need for soil or its tremendous weight. Plantings in containers are used extensively in Terrace top gardens. For those who live in small apartments with little space, square foot gardening, or (when even less space is available) living walls (vertical gardening) can be a solution. These use much less space than traditional gardening (square foot gardening uses 20% of the space of conventional rows; ten times more produce can be generated from vertical gardens). These also encourage environmentally responsible practices, eliminating tilling, reducing or eliminating pesticides, and weeding, and encouraging the recycling of wastes through composting. The regions where these incentives will most likely be found are areas where failing storm water management infrastructure is in place, urban heat island effect has significantly increased the local air temperature, or areas where environmental contaminants in the storm water runoff is of great concern . An example of such an incentive is a one-year property tax credit is available in New York City, since 2009, for property owners who green at least 50% of their Terrace area. AIM The difference you feel when you go from an asphalt parking lot to a tree-shaded park on a hot summer day. It is also the difference in temperature between a city and the rural area that surrounds it. Dark surfaces absorb and radiate heat, raising temperatures as much as 6 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit. The result is more than uncomfortable. It has consequences for our environment, our checkbooks and our health. If your Terrace top is a dark color, you are paying too much for your air conditioning. These dark surfaces absorb heat, and so it takes more energy to cool the building’s interior. Not only must your air conditioner work harder to keep your building cool, but power plants, one source of air pollution, must work overtime to keep up with the increased demand for energy. The result is higher prices and degraded air quality. The key to reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect is to reduce the total area of dark, heat-absorbing surfaces such as Terrace and pavement. Dark Terraces can be made cooler by coating them with reflective materials, similar to the way light clothes are more comfortable than dark clothes on a hot day. Many light-colored roofing materials cost about the same as dark-colored Roofing materials. Solar panels are another solution. They help shade a Terrace in addition to generating clean, renewable energy. The use of vegetation on a Terrace is an excellent option. Plants reflect heat, provide shade, and help cool the surrounding air through evapotranspiration. A Terrace garden cuts the energy use within the building, especially for cooling. The insulation a garden provides helps conserve both heating and cooling energy. Terrace top gardens absorb rainfall and reduce urban runoff that otherwise would collect pollutants and empty into sewers. A Terrace garden filters and moderates the temperature of any water that is released to the sewer. In addition, plants actually filter the air. Plants improve air quality by using excess carbon dioxide to produce oxygen. On a neighborhood or regional level, temperatures are lowered and air pollution is reduced when the overall area of dark surfaces is reduced and the area of reflective and shaded surfaces is increased. The layers of a Terrace garden protect the constructed Terrace from damage and can extend both the warranty and the useful life of the Terrace. A Terrace garden can add usable leisure space to a property that is attractive not just to people, but to wildlife such as birds and butterflies. In fact, limited land resources, expensive sources of energy, and ancient sewer systems overwhelmed by storm water runoff have all contributed to the success of the green terrace gardening in urban areas of all over the world. Tokyo, is the first city to mandate building vegetation must constitute 20 percent of all new construction. Terrace gardens are used to: †¢Reduce heating (by adding mass and thermal resistance value) A 2005 study by Brad Bass of the University of Toronto showed that green Terraces can also reduce heat loss and energy consumption in winter conditions. †¢Reduce cooling (by evaporative cooling) loads on a building by fifty to ninety percent, especially if it is glassed in so as to act as a terrarium and passive solar heat reservoir – a concentration of green Terraces in an urban area can even reduce the citys average temperatures during the summer †¢Reduce storm water runoff Natural Habitat Creation †¢Filter pollutants and carbon dioxide out of the air which helps lower disease rates such as asthma Filter pollutants and heavy metals out of rainwater †¢ Help to insulate a building for sound; the soil helps to block lower frequencies and the plants block higher frequencies †¢ If installed correctly many living Terraces can contribute to LEED points Increase agricultural space †¢With green Terraces, water is stored by the substrate and then taken up by the plants from where it is returned to the atmosphere through transpiration and evaporation. Green Terraces not only retain rainwater, but also moderate the temperature of the water and act as natural filters for any of the water that happens to run off. Many green Terraces are in many green Terraces are installed to comply with local regulations and government fees, often regarding storm water runoff management. In areas with combined sewer-storm water systems, heavy storms can overload the wastewater system and cause it to flood, dumping raw sewage into the local waterways. Green Terraces decrease the total amount of runoff and slow the rate of runoff from the Terrace. It has been found that they can retain up to 75% of rainwater, gradually releasing it back into the atmosphere via condensation and transpiration, while retaining pollutants in their soil. Often, phosphorus and nitrogen are in this category of environmentally harmful substances even though they are stimulating to the growth of plant life and agriculture. When these substances are added to a system, it can create mass biological activity since they are considered limiting factors of plant growth and by adding more of them to a system, it allows for more plant growth. In fact, limited land resources expensive sources of energy, and ancient sewer systems over whelmed by storm water runoff have all contributed to the success of the terrace gardens in urban areas . Over 800 green roofs can be found in Germany alone, a leader in building codes and incentives for green roof installation. In Asia, Japan has become a center for green roof technology. Its capital, Tokyo, is the first city to mandate building vegetation must constitute 20 percent of all new construction. Green roofs have been installed across America in steadily increasing numbers over the past decade, and research is being conducted in North American universities on the impact of green roofs on the environment, economy, and energy resources. Some major corporations, like Ford Motor Co. , The Gap, and H. J. Heinz Co. , have recently installed green roofs, and the approved design for the new World Trade Center includes a rooftop garden. LIMITATIONS The main disadvantage of green roofs is that the initial costs of installing a terrace garden can be double that of a normal terrace. The additional mass of the soil substrate and retained water places a large strain on the structural support of a build. This makes it unlikely for intensive green roofs to become widely implemented due to a lack of buildings that are able to support such a large amount of added weight as well as the added cost of reinforcing buildings to be able to support such weight. Some types of green roofs do have more demanding structural standards especially in seismic regions of the world. Some existing buildings cannot be retrofitted with certain kinds of green roof because of the weight load of the substrate and vegetation exceeds permitted static loading. Depending on what kind of green roof it is, the maintenance costs could be higher, but some types of green roof have little or no ongoing cost. Some kinds of green roofs also place higher demands on the waterproofing system of the structure, both because water is retained on the roof and due to the possibility of roots penetrating the waterproof membrane. Another detractor is that the wildlife they attract may include pest insects which could easily infiltrate a residential building through open windows. Due to these cause mainly finance required at initial setup of terrace garden it is difficult to develop terrace gardens but terrace gardens are the demand of modern urban areas and people have to fulfill it. METHODOLGY It is possible to raise vegetables all through the year even in the middle of the city. All it takes is a terrace and a little bit of effort. If someone wants to make tomato chutney for breakfast, Mohandas walks to his terrace garden and handpicks the tomatoes himself. Sakthivel gets his family’s daily dose of greens from his garden; Shankara Baham gets his medicines from the herbal garden on his terrace. Residents of Ashram Avenue in Mugalivakkam, Mohandas and friends have dedicated their free time to â€Å"making their terraces green. † Of the 80 houses in the area, eight have terraces that are covered with luscious vegetable patches. Each of the gardens supports one family — the owners rarely buy vegetables from outside. â€Å"The idea is to make ourselves self-sufficient using the limited space available†. A terrace garden can be created in any shape, design and any raised location. Places like a multi storied building, hotels, restaurants or institutes are the places one can follow terrace gardening. Converting your barren space into a lush green patch will de-stress an individual and also provide a healthy environment. Create a desired layout for your terrace garden and carefully plan the number of shrubs, small trees, lawn and others. Always remember that you do not go in for a plant with a tap root system as the roots of these plants tend to grow beyond the roof and is a threat to your building. Make sure the roof or the selected place is strong enough to support the weight of the soil and gravel. The terrace and the soil should have the required drainage system so as to avoid the garden being turned into a damp soggy area. One has to construct sufficient drainage chambers around their terrace garden. Small drainage pipes leading to the main drainage pipe should be maintained in your terrace garden. Always remember that if the water is not drained properly, it will cause great damage to your building. Make sure that there is no leakage in your terrace garden in order to avoid soggy walls. One should select light weighted manure like the mixture of the garden earth, manure and soil remains. Once you’re ready with all the above required steps, you can start laying brickbats according to your planned layout. Spread a layer of completely formed bricks on your terrace. The bricks have to be totally burnt in order to facilitate the drainage of water. Also one can make use of ridged sheets in order to maintain an effective drainage system. The sheets should be placed carefully in order to lead the pipes to the drainage system. In order to avoid the manure and the earth from depositing in between the brick spaces, one has to spread the wire mesh (HDPE net) on the bricks. One can paint and make the terrace area colorful and make it look realistic by adding a swing. Plants like creepers, flowering plants and vegetables can be grown in your terrace garden.  Once you have finished planting the saplings, water the plants regularly and provide the required amount of manure. FLOW CHART Flow chart Picture composed in corel draw.

Free Essays on The Cotton Club

The Roaring Twenties were a time of excess, sexual exploration by women, and a time when jazz music started to develop. It's a decade that wealthy, white Americans are drawn back to, because it's here that they start to see themselves becoming recognizably careless and socially free. â€Å"Americans were speeding up, moving out, buying more, having fun, and dreaming bigger† (Miller). The Cotton Club was an integral part of the Twenties and personified what this period of time stood for. It became a place for gangsters to sell their bootlegged beer during prohibition, a home for jazz music, and a precursor to the Harlem Renaissance, a period of profound growth and change in black literature and music. â€Å"Harlem was not so much a place as a state of mind, the cultural metaphor for black America itself† (Rhapsodies). â€Å"As well as being a crucible for new musical styles, The Cotton Club can also be seen as a lightning rod for Harlem history† (Wolfe). Started by heavyweight boxer Jack Johnson at the corner of 42nd Street and Lenox Avenue, it was originally called Club De Lux. Failure of the club resulted in the selling of it in 1923 to gangster Owney Madden who dubbed it The Cotton Club. Madden had been searching for a Harlem location to sell his Madden’s #1 Beer. â€Å"The name was chosen in order to invoke thoughts of a stylish plantation environment† (Cotton). To further this implication, all performers were black and, for the most part, all attendees were white. During prohibition it was often to find many clubs that were established with the central purpose of providing alcohol to the public. The Cotton club became the most popular club in not only Harlem, but also all of New York. It provided the â€Å"coolest† environment, best cuisine, and many up and coming jazz musicians. â€Å"Only the wealthiest, most influential, famous and notorious people went there, or were allowed in† (Cotton). Being that the club’s main purpose... Free Essays on The Cotton Club Free Essays on The Cotton Club The Roaring Twenties were a time of excess, sexual exploration by women, and a time when jazz music started to develop. It's a decade that wealthy, white Americans are drawn back to, because it's here that they start to see themselves becoming recognizably careless and socially free. â€Å"Americans were speeding up, moving out, buying more, having fun, and dreaming bigger† (Miller). The Cotton Club was an integral part of the Twenties and personified what this period of time stood for. It became a place for gangsters to sell their bootlegged beer during prohibition, a home for jazz music, and a precursor to the Harlem Renaissance, a period of profound growth and change in black literature and music. â€Å"Harlem was not so much a place as a state of mind, the cultural metaphor for black America itself† (Rhapsodies). â€Å"As well as being a crucible for new musical styles, The Cotton Club can also be seen as a lightning rod for Harlem history† (Wolfe). Started by heavyweight boxer Jack Johnson at the corner of 42nd Street and Lenox Avenue, it was originally called Club De Lux. Failure of the club resulted in the selling of it in 1923 to gangster Owney Madden who dubbed it The Cotton Club. Madden had been searching for a Harlem location to sell his Madden’s #1 Beer. â€Å"The name was chosen in order to invoke thoughts of a stylish plantation environment† (Cotton). To further this implication, all performers were black and, for the most part, all attendees were white. During prohibition it was often to find many clubs that were established with the central purpose of providing alcohol to the public. The Cotton club became the most popular club in not only Harlem, but also all of New York. It provided the â€Å"coolest† environment, best cuisine, and many up and coming jazz musicians. â€Å"Only the wealthiest, most influential, famous and notorious people went there, or were allowed in† (Cotton). Being that the club’s main purpose...

Cinema Limbo, 2-Person, 10-Minute Play by Wade Bradford

Cinema Limbo, 2-Person, 10-Minute Play by Wade Bradford Cinema Limbo is a ten-minute play (written by Wade Bradford). It is a comic, two-person exchange between two movie theater employees. The piece can be used, free of charge, for educational purposes and amateur productions. This short two-person play is also a usual character building tool for any actress using the Vicky Monologue for auditions and classroom performances. Cinema Limbo Setting:  The box office of the Grand Cinemas. No set is required. Two office chairs (capable of rolling and spinning) are placed center stage. A young woman spins in the chair. She is dressed in a rather ugly polyester outfit one expect to find on a movie theater employee. Her name is Vicky. And she is bored. (A young man named Joshua enters. Vicky suddenly stops spinning. Her boredom has vanished.) VICKY: So, you’ve finally made it to the fishbowl? JOSHUA: The what? VICKY: That’s what we call the box office. An inside joke between cashiers. JOSHUA: Oh. VICKY: So you’ve made it. JOSHUA: I guess. Mr. Boston said he wanted you to train me how to work the box office. VICKY: Then let the training begin. People come up. They say what movie they want. You press this button. Take their money. Give them their ticket. There, you’re trained. JOSHUA: Now what? VICKY: Now sit down and wait. But don’t get anxious. No one’s coming tonight. It’s Christmas Eve and all our movies suck. JOSHUA: This beats working at concessions. Thank God I didn’t get stuck with that Bar One job. That would’ve sucked. VICKY: Stuart is certainly loving it though. Have you seen that look in his eye when he’s running Concessions? JOSHUA: What do you mean? VICKY: He usually smiles, and treats the peons with respect†¦ but his eyes†¦ They’re lit up like a power hungry mad man. I think he pictures himself as some pharaoh who whips the backs of his slaves, just to sell a few extra drinks. JOSHUA: Really? I haven’t noticed. VICKY: He told me you guys went to grade school together. JOSHUA: Are you guys dating? VICKY: Why do you ask? JOSHUA: He told me you were dating but that you wanted it kept secret. VICKY: If I was dating someone why would I want to keep it secret? JOSHUA: Uh, maybe because Stuart’s kind of a nerd. VICKY: So you did go to school together? JOSHUA: We met in the fifth grade. You know how every class has a kid who gets picked on throughout the whole year by everybody? That was him. No one liked him. VICKY: Why? JOSHUA: Well, it started out just because he was the new kid. His folks just moved into town to set up a new church. They were husband and wife ministers or something. Very, I don’t know, just kind of friendly and creepy at the same time. VICKY: I met them. I know. JOSHUA: Anyway, kids in school picked on him because he was new, and a little weird looking. You can’t tell it as much, but his face was completely covered with freckles. Big brown freckles†¦ kind of like†¦ um†¦ like someone flicked splotches of paint at him. VICKY: I always thought they were kind of cute. JOSHUA: And then no one liked him because every chance he got, he started talking about Jesus. He did a book report on the entire Bible. In art class, he made a crown of thorns ashtray. He tried making Noah’s Ark out of clay, but it exploded in the kiln. And then one day we were supposed to give a speech, an oral report on the country of our choice and he picked Israel. VICKY: Well†¦ that’s not so bad. JOSHUA: During his whole oral report†¦ he spoke in tongues. VICKY: Really? I had an uncle who got into that. He’d speak in tongues before every Thanksgiving dinner. But he had one of those robot voices because of his throat cancer, so it was really low and scary. Like Darth Vader speaking pig latin. JOSHUA: Stuart wasn’t as entertaining. And to top it off, the kids started hating him more because he wanted to be the teacher’s pet. VICKY: That doesn’t surprise me. He kisses up to all the managers... JOSHUA: Same thing we the school teachers. And the lunch lady. And the principal. Most kids said he was a tattle tale. There was this one bully who hocked a loogie right in his hair, right in the middle of class. VICKY: Oh please, I just ate buttered popcorn. JOSHUA: But anyway, I felt sorry for Stu. So I let him hang around me at recess once in a while. He was okay. Sort of clingy. He never wanted to leave my side. I got beat up a couple of times by Troy, just for sticking up for him. VICKY: Are you two still friends? JOSHUA: I guess. But it isn’t like grade school anymore. We don’t hang out. I was kind of surprised to see him when I got hired here. He left before we finished junior high. His parents put him in some private school. So, are the rumors true? VICKY: What rumors? JOSHUA: I heard echoes from the girls locker room. VICKY: You perv. JOSHUA: Well, they were talking so loud, I couldn’t help it. VICKY: Okay, dork, what did you hear? JOSHUA: That you’re not interested in Stuart anymore. That you are, oh what were the words, that you’re almost done toying with him. VICKY: Well that makes me sound like a bitch. I kind of like that. JOSHUA: So? VICKY: So? JOSHUA: It’s just me, you, and the fishbowl. VICKY: Why should I talk about my love life? Or lust life? What about you? I bet youve had a lot of girlfriends. Probably broken a lot of hearts. JOSHUA: Not really. Ive never been in love or anything. Just casual dates and stuff. I mean, for all intents and purposes I’m pretty much like all the other geeks you’ve been describing. VICKY: But you wear that letterman’s jacket. You’re kind of a jock. I say that with all due respect. VICKY: Well, you have to understand. I’m the kind of girl who takes pity on poor pathetic geeks who have never kissed a girl. Let’s just say that I like someone who is easily trainable – someone who will truly appreciate me. It’s sad, I know. But hey, I’ll take an ego boost wherever I can get it. Unfortunately, these adorably nerdy boyfriends get boring after a while. I mean, I can only listen to their computer games and mathematic equations for so long. Of course, Stuart’s different in a  lot of ways. He’s terrible at math, for one. And he’s pretty clueless about technology. But he’s a comic book sort of geek. And a hopeless romantic. He’s pre-occupied with holding my hand. Everywhere we go, he wants to hold hands. Even when we’re driving. And he’s got this new pastime. He keeps saying â€Å"I love you.† It was so sweet and wonderful the first time he said it. I almost cried, and I’m not the kind of girl who cries easily. But by the end of the week, he must have said â€Å"I love you† about five hundred times. And then he starts adding pet names. â€Å"I love you,   honeybunch.† â€Å"I love you  sweetheart.† â€Å"I love you my little smoochy-woochy-coochi-koo.† I don’t even know what that last one means. It’s like he’s speaking in some brand-new, love-infected language. Who would have thought romance could be so boring? JOSHUA: Is it boring? VICKY: You mean you don’t know from  first-hand  experience? JOSHUA: Yeah, I swim. But that’s not what I lettered in. VICKY: What was it? JOSHUA: Well now you’re going to laugh. VICKY: Perhaps. JOSHUA: I lettered in  choir. VICKY: (Laughs. Falls off  chair.) They let you letter in choir?! Oh, that’s priceless. JOSHUA: You can also letter in drama. VICKY: Oh, that’s pathetic. JOSHUA: So, you’re done with school, right? VICKY: Since last summer. Sweet. sweet freedom. JOSHUA: Now what? VICKY: College I guess. Back to captivity. I’m taking a year off first. JOSHUA: Did your friends already go? VICKY: Friends? I hated everybody in high school. JOSHUA: Hey, me too! I was hoping the Grand Cinemas would improve my social life. VICKY: (Laughs.) Has it? JOSHUA: I’ve met some cool people, I guess. Like you. VICKY: Like me? JOSHUA: Yeah, well, and others. Like Rico. VICKY: OH. JOSHUA: Is that bad? VICKY: No. Rico’s cool. I just wouldn’t trust him with much more than a postage stamp. JOSHUA: Thanks for the advice. VICKY: I used to want a social life but I think I’m content here in the box. If you want to see people, just wait till Friday night, they’ll swarm around you, begging you for tickets. But the glass on the fishbowl keeps them from violating your space. If you want to talk to someone, you just pick up the phone, and when you get sick of talking, you can just hang up. You can read, you can do your homework, or you can veg-out and watch the Grand go by. You can swipe snacks from concessions and on hot days, we’ve got air conditioning. If you’re bored you can spin around on this thing. (She spins around on the chair.) JOSHUA: Wow. You’re pretty good. VICKY: My record is eight rotations. All thanks to twelve years of ballet. JOSHUA: Really? VICKY: Hey, what did you get at the Christmas party gift exchange? JOSHUA: A Chia pet. VICKY: I got the worse possible present ever. Listen to this. I’m in this dance group, right. Ballet. I’ve been doing the Nutcracker for the past two months. I’ve been having nightmares with the ‘sugar plum fairie suite’ playing in the background. Every mall or department store has been playing Tchaikovsky. I can’t get away from that God forsaken music! It drives me nuts. And guess which CD Mrs. Sanchez buys me? The Nutcracker. I hope I pick her name next year. I had no idea she could be so cruel. That’s why it must be nice to be religious like Stewy. You can doom people to hell. JOSHUA: Eternal hell over the Nutcracker? Now that’s a raw deal. VICKY: Eternal damnation. You’d think after a few thousand years you’d get bored with never ending  torment. Satan would come up to you and say, â€Å"Today you’ll be covered with man-eating ants and pummeled by a giant mountain gorilla.† And you’d just look at him and YAWN and say, â€Å"Again?! How dull. Are you running out of ideas already? Can I make a request for Bubba the mountain Gorilla, because he and I have a rapport going; we work well together, I think. (Pausing and completely changing the subject.) Do you think it’s possible to travel through time? JOSHUA: Someone has ADHD. VICKY: It’s this fishbowl. It really gets to you after a while. So do you? You know, think they’ll figure out time travel? JOSHUA: I doubt it. Maybe someday. VICKY: What would you do? JOSHUA: I don’t know. I guess I might travel back and find my great-great-great-great grandfather. Say hi. What would you do? VICKY: Well, if I had  a time machine, say they  invent  it when I’m like really old. Like 35 or something. Then, I’d travel back to right now, and I’d give myself advice. JOSHUA: What kind of advice? VIC KY: Who to be friends with. Who to avoid. What choices to make. What guys to like. JOSHUA: Why do you need a time machine? Just make the right choices now. VICKY: But how do you know if it’s the right choice? You don’t until after the fact. JOSHUA: Well, that’s the point. You take a chance and you learn from your mistakes. Or, you try something and it’s a great experience. VICKY: And what if you regret it? JOSHUA: Then you regret it. I think not knowing what happened next is part of the fun. VICKY: Really? JOSHUA: Yeah. VICKY: Come here. He pauses for a moment. Then, they roll their chairs toward each other. She kisses him. He kisses back. They pull apart. JOSHUA: So†¦ VICKY: So†¦ Do you regret that experience? JOSHUA: Not at all. Do you regret it? They are both started as they hear the sound of a door opening. They look upstage. JOSHUA: Oh! Hi. (Suddenly regretful.) How’s it going, Stuart? VICKY: Hey, Stewy. Joshua and I were just talking about regrets. (Listens.) What do I have to regret?  Oh  nothing. (A sly smile on her face.) Nothing at all. Lights out.